降香黄檀  ; 海南特有种  ; 植物区系特征  ; 极度濒危  ; 生境丧失

降香黄檀为国家二级重点保护野生植物，海南特有种，是制造高档家具和精美工艺品的上好材料及名贵药材。通过对海南降香黄檀自然分布区实地调查，发现降香黄檀群落包括维管束植物43科68属71种；优势科不明显，单种科和单种属所占比例较大；群落植物区系地理成分多样，以热带成分为主；野生群落分布于石灰岩生境和花岗岩生境两种生境类型；对土壤肥力和酸碱度有一定的适应幅度；其野生资源过度采伐，生境遭到严重破坏。按IUCN濒危等级标准评估，处于“极危濒危”状态。针对降香黄檀濒危现状和原因，提出科学的保育策略。研究结果为该物种的引种驯化提供基础依据，也为可持续经营提供技术支撑。

Dalbergia odorifera  ;  endemic to Hainan  ;  floristic characteristics  ;  habitat loss  ;  critically endangered

As an endemic specie to Hainan, Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen belongs to the second national-class important wild conservative plant, which not only used as a superior material timber for high-grade furniture and elegant handicraft, but also as a famous traditional Chinese medicine. We investigated wild population in Hainan island that showed there were 43 families of vascular plants including 68 genera and 71 species in Dalbergia odorifera wild community without obvious dominant family. The proportion of single-species families and the monotypic genera was high. The geographic element of the community flora was multiple, and predominant with tropical element. The wild community was distributed in two different habitats: the Limestone habitat and the Granite habitat. Dalbergia odorifera was adaptable to soil fertility and pH value. Excessive logging and habitat loss became main factors for this species to be seriously damaged. According to IUCN criterion, it is regarded as to be CE (critically endangered) species. Therefore, scientific conservation strategy is put forward in this paper and acclimatization theory is provided which not only help to guide market demand but also support the sustainable utilization.